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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=92TT0048>
<title>
Jan. 13, 1992: More Pain Than Gain
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
Jan. 13, 1992 The Recession:How Bad Is It?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 26
RUSSIA
More Pain Than Gain
</hdr><body>
<p>As controls are lifted and prices skyrocket overnight, Russians
get a rude lesson in free-market economics
</p>
<p> At a Moscow supermarket across from the Kiev railroad station
as the New Year opened, shoppers made their way past cheerless
holiday decorations toward the display case in the
processed-meat department. There they confronted a Muscovite
consumer's dream: not sugarplum fairies but kolbasa sausages
piled high on chipped metal trays. Yet there was no buying
frenzy. The price per kilo was 43.75 rubles, compared with only
2.20 rubles less than a year ago. Grumbled a middle-aged woman
overcome by price paralysis: "What a nightmare!"
</p>
<p> All across Russia last week, long-suffering consumers came
face to face with the free market, as the government began one
of the most daring economic reforms ever undertaken anywhere.
Boris Yeltsin had freed prices, and was setting the country on
a crash course toward a market system. The prices of a few basic
commodities, such as bread and gasoline, remained controlled--though they tripled or quadrupled overnight. But those of all
other products were simply set free for the first time in more
than seven decades.
</p>
<p> Government economists predict that at first prices will
soar and even more shortages may result as people hoard in
expectation of still higher prices. But within a few months,
they argue, the cost of goods will begin stabilizing and more
products will be available than have been seen in years.
</p>
<p> Free prices are only part of the shock-therapy program the
Russian government is putting in place. Yeltsin is also
introducing a massive privatization of industry, agricultural
reforms to break up state farms, and tough new monetary and
fiscal policies. Says Jeffrey Sachs, a Harvard economist who is
advising the Yeltsin government: "All this is like jumping out
of an airplane while you are still sewing the parachute. But
they have no choice--the plane's crashing."
</p>
<p> The Russian economy has been tottering on the brink of
collapse. Although no one has very accurate figures, prices
increased an estimated 50% in December alone. The ruble has
entered the funny-money category: it used to have an official
exchange rate of 1.8 to the dollar; now a greenback fetches 110
rubles legally, and more on the black market.
</p>
<p> The secret of success for such radical reform is the
courage to stick with it until the program works. In his New
Year's message to the Russian people, Yeltsin warned that they
would have to endure six to eight months of hardship. Such a
short period is wildly optimistic. Rising inflation will
undoubtedly be followed, at least temporarily, by rising
unemployment if the government pursues its privatization policy
and demilitarizes the economy.
</p>
<p> Yeltsin can never forget that the Bolshevik Revolution
came to power on Lenin's promise to give the people bread. The
shock-therapy program will be under pressure to show some quick
results, or popular unrest could grow. An elderly woman begging
on a Moscow street corner last week cried, "Please give me some
money. I cannot even afford to buy bread now." Yeltsin has given
the Russians pain; now he must deliver the gain.
</p>
<p> By George M. Taber. Reported by David Aikman/St. Petersburg
and Yuri Zarakhovich/Moscow.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>